Modul-Views: parameterloser Ctor + Initialize() (Designer-öffenbar)

Der VS-WinForms-Designer braucht einen parameterlosen Konstruktor, um eine Form
zu instanziieren. Die drei Views hatten nur einen DI-Ctor -> Designer hätte sie
nicht öffnen können. Umgestellt auf das Core-View-Muster (DashboardView):
- Parameterloser Ctor: InitializeComponent() + Event-Wiring.
- Initialize(deps): Abhängigkeiten setzen + Daten laden.
- Felder nullable + Null-Guards in den Handlern.
- CopyTradingModule.RegisterUi: new View() + view.Initialize(...) statt DI-Ctor.

Verifiziert: Build grün, --smoke-ui grün (3 Accounts / 32 Trader, alle Views OK).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading/CopyTradingModule.cs

@@ -62,10 +62,15 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading
                 Title = "Master-Trader",
                 Group = "CopyTrading",
                 Order = 100,
-                CreateForm = () => new MasterTradersView(
+                CreateForm = () =>
+                {
+                    var view = new MasterTradersView();
+                    view.Initialize(
                         services.GetRequiredService<ITrackedTraderRepository>(),
                         services.GetRequiredService<TradingState>(),
-                    services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>())
+                        services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>());
+                    return view;
+                }
             });
 
             host.RegisterView(new ModuleView
@@ -74,10 +79,15 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading
                 Title = "Geschlossene Copytrades",
                 Group = "CopyTrading",
                 Order = 110,
-                CreateForm = () => new ClosedTradesView(
+                CreateForm = () =>
+                {
+                    var view = new ClosedTradesView();
+                    view.Initialize(
                         services.GetRequiredService<ICopyTradeLogRepository>(),
                         services.GetRequiredService<TradingState>(),
-                    services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>())
+                        services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>());
+                    return view;
+                }
             });
 
             host.RegisterView(new ModuleView
@@ -86,10 +96,15 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading
                 Title = "Copytrading-Account-Einstellungen",
                 Group = "CopyTrading",
                 Order = 120,
-                CreateForm = () => new AccountSettingsView(
+                CreateForm = () =>
+                {
+                    var view = new AccountSettingsView();
+                    view.Initialize(
                         services.GetRequiredService<ICopyTradingAccountSettingsRepository>(),
                         services.GetRequiredService<TradingState>(),
-                    services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>())
+                        services.GetRequiredService<CopyTradingState>());
+                    return view;
+                }
             });
         }
 

src/PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading/Ui/AccountSettingsView.cs

@@ -15,28 +15,34 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
     /// </summary>
     public partial class AccountSettingsView : Form
     {
-        private readonly ICopyTradingAccountSettingsRepository _repo;
+        private ICopyTradingAccountSettingsRepository? _repo;
-        private readonly TradingState _state;
+        private TradingState? _state;
-        private readonly CopyTradingState _copyState;
+        private CopyTradingState? _copyState;
 
         private CopyTradingAccountSettings? _current;
 
-        public AccountSettingsView(ICopyTradingAccountSettingsRepository repo, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        // Parameterloser Konstruktor für den WinForms-Designer.
+        public AccountSettingsView()
         {
-            _repo = repo;
-            _state = state;
-            _copyState = copyState;
-
             InitializeComponent();
 
             cmbAccounts.SelectedIndexChanged += (_, _) => LoadSelected();
             btnSave.Click += (_, _) => Save();
+        }
 
+        /// <summary>Injiziert die Abhängigkeiten (nach der DI-Auflösung) und füllt die Auswahl.</summary>
+        public void Initialize(ICopyTradingAccountSettingsRepository repo, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        {
+            _repo = repo;
+            _state = state;
+            _copyState = copyState;
             PopulateAccounts();
         }
 
         private void PopulateAccounts()
         {
+            if (_state == null) return;
+
             var items = _state.Accounts.Values
                 .OrderBy(a => a.AccountId)
                 .Select(a => new AccountItem(a.AccountId, string.IsNullOrEmpty(a.Name) ? $"#{a.AccountId}" : $"{a.Name} (#{a.AccountId}){(a.IsDemo ? " · Demo" : "")}"))
@@ -52,7 +58,7 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
 
         private void LoadSelected()
         {
-            if (cmbAccounts.SelectedItem is not AccountItem item) return;
+            if (_repo == null || cmbAccounts.SelectedItem is not AccountItem item) return;
             _current = _repo.Get(item.Id) ?? new CopyTradingAccountSettings { AccountId = item.Id };
             pgSettings.SelectedObject = _current;
             lblHint.Text = $"Einstellungen für Account #{item.Id}.";
@@ -60,7 +66,7 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
 
         private void Save()
         {
-            if (_current == null) return;
+            if (_current == null || _repo == null || _copyState == null) return;
             _repo.Upsert(_current);
             _copyState.AccountSettings[_current.AccountId] = _current;
             lblHint.Text = $"Gespeichert für Account #{_current.AccountId} um {DateTime.Now:HH:mm:ss}.";

src/PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading/Ui/ClosedTradesView.cs

@@ -15,16 +15,13 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
     /// </summary>
     public partial class ClosedTradesView : Form
     {
-        private readonly ICopyTradeLogRepository _tradeLog;
+        private ICopyTradeLogRepository? _tradeLog;
-        private readonly TradingState _state;
+        private TradingState? _state;
-        private readonly CopyTradingState _copyState;
+        private CopyTradingState? _copyState;
 
-        public ClosedTradesView(ICopyTradeLogRepository tradeLog, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        // Parameterloser Konstruktor für den WinForms-Designer.
+        public ClosedTradesView()
         {
-            _tradeLog = tradeLog;
-            _state = state;
-            _copyState = copyState;
-
             InitializeComponent();
 
             colEntry.DefaultCellStyle.Format = "F3";
@@ -36,12 +33,21 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
             colClosedAt.DefaultCellStyle.Format = "dd.MM.yyyy HH:mm";
 
             btnRefresh.Click += (_, _) => LoadData();
+        }
 
+        /// <summary>Injiziert die Abhängigkeiten (nach der DI-Auflösung) und lädt die Daten.</summary>
+        public void Initialize(ICopyTradeLogRepository tradeLog, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        {
+            _tradeLog = tradeLog;
+            _state = state;
+            _copyState = copyState;
             LoadData();
         }
 
         private void LoadData()
         {
+            if (_tradeLog == null) return;
+
             var rows = _tradeLog.Find(_ => true)
                 .OrderByDescending(t => t.ClosedAt)
                 .Select(t => new ClosedTradeRow
@@ -80,14 +86,14 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
         private string ResolveAccount(int accountId, bool isDemo)
         {
             string suffix = isDemo ? " (Demo)" : "";
-            if (_state.Accounts.TryGetValue(accountId, out var acc) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(acc.Name))
+            if (_state != null && _state.Accounts.TryGetValue(accountId, out var acc) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(acc.Name))
                 return acc.Name + suffix;
             return $"#{accountId}{suffix}";
         }
 
         private string ResolveTrader(int traderId)
         {
-            if (_copyState.Traders.TryGetValue(traderId, out var t) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(t.DisplayName))
+            if (_copyState != null && _copyState.Traders.TryGetValue(traderId, out var t) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(t.DisplayName))
                 return t.DisplayName;
             return traderId > 0 ? $"#{traderId}" : "Unbekannt";
         }

src/PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading/Ui/MasterTradersView.cs

@@ -17,19 +17,16 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
     /// </summary>
     public partial class MasterTradersView : Form
     {
-        private readonly ITrackedTraderRepository _repo;
+        private ITrackedTraderRepository? _repo;
-        private readonly TradingState _state;
+        private TradingState? _state;
-        private readonly CopyTradingState _copyState;
+        private CopyTradingState? _copyState;
 
         private BindingList<TrackedTrader> _binding = new();
         private TrackedTrader? _current;
 
-        public MasterTradersView(ITrackedTraderRepository repo, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        // Parameterloser Konstruktor für den WinForms-Designer.
+        public MasterTradersView()
         {
-            _repo = repo;
-            _state = state;
-            _copyState = copyState;
-
             InitializeComponent();
 
             colWinrate.DefaultCellStyle.Format = "F1";
@@ -40,12 +37,21 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
             tsDelete.Click += (_, _) => DeleteCurrent();
             tsRefresh.Click += (_, _) => LoadData();
             grid.SelectionChanged += (_, _) => OnSelectionChanged();
+        }
 
+        /// <summary>Injiziert die Abhängigkeiten (nach der DI-Auflösung) und lädt die Trader.</summary>
+        public void Initialize(ITrackedTraderRepository repo, TradingState state, CopyTradingState copyState)
+        {
+            _repo = repo;
+            _state = state;
+            _copyState = copyState;
             LoadData();
         }
 
         private void LoadData()
         {
+            if (_repo == null) return;
+
             var traders = _repo.GetAll().OrderBy(t => t.Id).ToList();
             _binding = new BindingList<TrackedTrader>(traders);
             grid.DataSource = _binding;
@@ -68,6 +74,7 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
             pgDetail.SelectedObject = trader;
 
             clbAccounts.Items.Clear();
+            if (_state == null) return;
             foreach (var acc in _state.Accounts.Values.OrderBy(a => a.AccountId))
             {
                 string label = string.IsNullOrEmpty(acc.Name) ? $"#{acc.AccountId}" : $"{acc.Name} (#{acc.AccountId}){(acc.IsDemo ? " · Demo" : "")}";
@@ -94,7 +101,7 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
 
         private void SaveCurrent()
         {
-            if (_current == null) { lblHint.Text = "Kein Trader ausgewählt."; return; }
+            if (_current == null || _repo == null || _copyState == null) { lblHint.Text = "Kein Trader ausgewählt."; return; }
 
             _current.AssignedAccountIds = clbAccounts.CheckedItems.Cast<AccountItem>().Select(a => a.Id).ToHashSet();
 
@@ -106,7 +113,7 @@ namespace PolyTrader.Modules.CopyTrading.Ui
 
         private void DeleteCurrent()
         {
-            if (_current == null) { lblHint.Text = "Kein Trader ausgewählt."; return; }
+            if (_current == null || _repo == null || _copyState == null) { lblHint.Text = "Kein Trader ausgewählt."; return; }
             var id = _current.Id;
             if (MessageBox.Show($"Master-Trader #{id} ({_current.DisplayName}) wirklich löschen?",
                     "Löschen bestätigen", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) != DialogResult.Yes)